Comparative study of macro- and microsurgical extrahepatic cholestasis in the rat.

The long-term (5-week) evolution of two experimental models of extrahepatic cholestasis, i.e., macrosurgical by bile duct ligation (n = 20) and microsurgical by biliary tract resection (n = 13), is studied. All cholestatic animals showed jaundice, choluria, and portosystemic collateral circulation. Macrosurgical cholestasis causes greater hepatosplenomegaly, hilar biliary pseudocysts, and ascites. Microsurgical extrahepatic cholestasis occurs with a lower degree of hepatosplenomegaly as well as with serum increase (P < 0.001) of gamma-GT and alkaline phosphatase. The bile ductular proliferation in the four hepatic lobes is very intense (P < 0.001) in both experimental models. The differences between both experimental models may be considered secondary to the increase of the predisposition to infection in rats with bile duct ligation, that complicates their evolution. The microsurgical cholestasis model could be useful in studying cholestasis secondary to biliary atresia.