Abnormal micturition and recurrent cystitis associated with multiple congenital anomalies of the urinary tract in a dog.

A 7-year-old castrated male Miniature Poodle had recurrent episodes of cystitis, perineal dermatitis, and urine leaking from the perineum during active micturition. Urethrorectal fistula, urethroperineal fistula, and urethral duplication were diagnosed by positive-contrast fluoroscopic retrograde cystography and voiding cystourethrography. The urethrorectal fistula was resected through an ischial-pubic flap osteotomy, and the urethroperineal fistula was resected by use of a perineal approach. The dog developed urinary incontinence that resolved by 48 hours after surgery. Cystitis and urine scald were not evident 6 months after surgery. Treatment of urethral duplication is not necessary, unless clinical signs of cystitis or urine leakage develop.