Effect of Pilates on sleep quality, eating disorders and occupational balance in pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of Pilates exercise during pregnancy on sleep quality, eating disorder symptoms, and occupational balance.

METHODS

This cross-sectional observational comparative study included 120 pregnant women: a Pilates group (n = 60, age = 27.98 ± 3.99) and a non-Pilates group (n = 60, age = 28.90 ± 4.25). Sleep quality, disordered eating, and occupational balance were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), and Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ), respectively. Statistical analyses included t-tests, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression models.

RESULTS

Demographic characteristics were similar between the groups. The Pilates group showed better sleep quality (PSQI: 3.90 ± 1.26 vs. 6.28 ± 2.67, p < 0.001), fewer eating disorder symptoms (EDE-Q: 0.23 ± 0.36 vs. 1.26 ± 0.99, p < 0.001), and higher occupational balance (OBQ: 21.16 ± 1.94 vs. 18.43 ± 3.61, p < 0.001). Regression analyses revealed that Pilates participation was a significant predictor of sleep quality (B = - 1.694, p < 0.001), eating disorder symptoms (B = - 0.965, p < 0.001), and occupational balance (B = 1.550, p = 0.007). Additionally, poor sleep quality and higher eating disorder scores were associated with lower occupational balance (both p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Pilates during pregnancy may enhance maternal well-being by improving sleep, reducing disordered eating, and promoting occupational balance. These findings support the integration of structured, meaningful physical activity like Pilates into prenatal care routines.