The repair of frontal encephaloceles in Papua New Guinea.

Frontal encephaloceles are common in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Seventeen cases collected over 7 years are reported. Eleven frontal (sincipital) encephaloceles were repaired successfully via an extracranial approach. One of these patients with a frontonasal encephalocele developed a recurrence following the extracranial approach, which was subsequently repaired intracranially. Three patients with small naso-ethmoidal encephaloceles were repaired intracranially via an extradural approach. The other three cases have not yet had surgical correction. Complex craniofacial surgery which corrects hypertelorism as well as the encephalocele is unavailable in the developing world. For the general surgeon in the developing world, the extracranial approach is recommended for the frontonasal encephaloceles, and the intracranial approach for the naso-ethmoidal and naso-orbital encephaloceles. Hydrocephalus and epilepsy have not developed in the patients.