Bio-inspired composite structures derived from the moth model enable compatible stealth across the radar-infrared/visible light spectrum.

Although biomimetic models show promise for enhancing stealth materials, designing effective multispectral stealth systems remains challenging. Inspired by the antireflective microstructures of moths - including their compound eyes, villi, and wing microstructures - we develop a composite biomimetic model integrating multiple antireflective structures to achieve multispectral stealth across radar, infrared, and visible light bands. The carbonyl iron powder (CIP) composite with biomimetic grating-hole structures demonstrates effectively scatters incident microwaves while promoting surface wave conversion, which facilitates a radar cross section (RCS) below -10 dB across angular range from -166° to 166°. This performance persists even when integrated with an aluminum film infrared stealth layer featuring grating-protrusion biomimetic structures, because of the composite biomimetic system achieves exceptional microwave impedance matching. The mentioned material simultaneously maintains an effective absorption bandwidth (reflection loss, RL ≤ -10 dB) of 5.38-10.15 GHz and 23.83-28.32 GHz while reducing infrared emissivity to 0.11-0.31. Furthermore, the biomimetic infrared stealth layer exhibits outstanding thermal radiative stability under elevated temperatures. These microstructures also reduce peak visible light reflectance below 30 %, enabling dynamic color camouflage. This work establishes a composite biomimetic design framework for advanced stealth materials and proposes new mechanisms for multispectral stealth and antireflection.