BMC microbiology · 2025
Influence of dietary components on the gut microbiota of middle-aged adults: the gut-Mediterranean connection.
СтатьяНаблюдательное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Shah Shrushti, Mu Chunlong, Shen-Tu Grace, Rohmann Nathalie, Schlicht Kristina, Laudes Matthais, Shearer Jane
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: A plant-focused, healthy dietary pattern, such as the Mediterranean diet enriched with dietary fiber, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fats, is well known to positively influence the gut microbiota. Conversely, a processed diet high in saturated fats and sugars negatively impacts gut diversity, potentially leading to weight gain, insulin resistance, and chronic, low-grade inflammation. Despite this understanding, the mechanisms by which the Mediterranean diet impacts the gut microbiota and its associated health benefits remain unclear.
METHODS: This retrospective, observational study explored the relationships between Mediterranean dietary components-vegetables, fruits and nuts, legumes, whole grains, fish, meat, dairy, alcohol, saturated and unsaturated fats-and the gut microbiota in middle-aged adults enrolled in Alberta's Tomorrow Project, Canada. Diet was recorded using the Canadian Dietary History Questionnaire (CDHQ-II) and participants were classified into four quartiles based on a modified Mediterranean Diet Score. Blood and fecal samples were collected for metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively.
RESULTS: Findings revealed that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with increased alpha diversity and a greater abundance of beneficial fiber-degrading bacteria, including Prevotella, Parabacteroides, Clostridium XIVb, Coprobacter, and Turicibacter. Furthermore, participants who consumed more Mediterranean diet components exhibited higher concentrations of serum microbial metabolites including p-hydroxy hippuric acid and indole-acetaldehyde.
CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate a pivotal role of the gut microbiota, via its metabolites in harnessing the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet, highlighting its potential to promote metabolic health and prevent chronic disease.
METHODS: This retrospective, observational study explored the relationships between Mediterranean dietary components-vegetables, fruits and nuts, legumes, whole grains, fish, meat, dairy, alcohol, saturated and unsaturated fats-and the gut microbiota in middle-aged adults enrolled in Alberta's Tomorrow Project, Canada. Diet was recorded using the Canadian Dietary History Questionnaire (CDHQ-II) and participants were classified into four quartiles based on a modified Mediterranean Diet Score. Blood and fecal samples were collected for metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively.
RESULTS: Findings revealed that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with increased alpha diversity and a greater abundance of beneficial fiber-degrading bacteria, including Prevotella, Parabacteroides, Clostridium XIVb, Coprobacter, and Turicibacter. Furthermore, participants who consumed more Mediterranean diet components exhibited higher concentrations of serum microbial metabolites including p-hydroxy hippuric acid and indole-acetaldehyde.
CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate a pivotal role of the gut microbiota, via its metabolites in harnessing the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet, highlighting its potential to promote metabolic health and prevent chronic disease.