Symptom Management for Older Adults with Pulmonary Disease.

Breathlessness, fatigue, cough, and anxiety are prevalent symptoms in pulmonary disease, often persisting even when the underlying conditions are medically optimized. The Breathing Thinking Functioning model is an educational tool for health professionals that helps make sense of breathlessness and supports a structured intervention that empowers patients to self-manage. Careful symptom management can support older adults with pulmonary disease to retain independence and regain a sense of confidence and control.