Chest compressions for bradycardia or asystole in neonates.

When effective ventilation fails to establish a heart rate of greater than 60 bpm, cardiac compressions should be initiated to improve perfusion. The 2-thumb method is the most effective and least fatiguing technique. A ratio of 3 compressions to 1 breath is recommended to provide adequate ventilation, the most common cause of newborn cardiovascular collapse. Interruptions in compressions should be limited to not diminishing the perfusion generated. Oxygen (100%) is recommended during compressions and can be reduced once adequate heart rate and oxygen saturation are achieved. Limited clinical data are available to form newborn cardiac compression recommendations.