Regulation of Glutathione Peroxidases (GPxs) in Breast Cancer: From Mechanisms to Targeted Therapeutics.

Breast cancers (BCs) are the most widespread cancer type among females and constitute the second leading cause of cancer fatality. Although there have been some advances in recent years, BC mortality rates remain high, a grim fact that underlines the need for novel therapeutic strategies. A number of recent studies have revealed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with the molecular mechanisms underlying BC manifestation and pathogenesis. It is important to note that glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) can regulate ROS. GPxs are an enzyme family involved in protecting the cells against oxidative damage. GPx association with BC development and pathogenesis is a focal point of numerous studies. The GPx enzymes, including GPx8, GPx3, GPx2, and GPx1, are associated with ROS detoxification, such as hydrogen peroxide, which potentially contributes to cancer metastasis and development. This review focuses on the GPxs molecular mechanisms and functions associated with BC occurrence and development, with the aim of understanding their impact on BC and presenting a novel theoretical basis for BC treatment.