Ecdysteroids and their glycosides with anti-inflammatory activity from the rhizomes of Paris yunnanensis and Paris mairei.

Four undescribed ecdysteroid glycosides (1-4) and ten known analogues (5-14) were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris yunnanensis and Paris mairei. Among them, compound 3 is a rare 14-deoxy derivative of ecdysteroid, while compounds 7-9, 11, 12, and 14 were reported from the genus Paris for the first time. Structural elucidation was performed through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including MS, NMR, chemical methods, and QM-NMR calculation. Furthermore, all isolated ecdysteroid derivatives were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that compounds 3 and 7 displayed pronounced anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting COX-2 expression, with IC50 values of 11.59 and 12.66 μM, respectively.