Effect of bioaugmentation on tetracyclines influenced chicken manure composting and antibiotics resistance.

Antibiotic residue in husbandry waste has become a serious concern. In this study, contaminated chicken manure composting was conducted to reveal the bioaugmentation effect on tetracyclines residue and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs). The bioaugmented composting removed most of the antibiotics in 7 days. Under bioaugmentation, 96.88 % of tetracycline and 92.31 % of oxytetracycline were removed, 6.32 % and 20.93 % higher than the control (P < 0.05). The high-temperature period was the most effective phase for eliminating antibiotics. The treatment showed a long high-temperature period (7 days), while no high-temperature period was in control. After composting, the treatment showed 13.87 % higher TN (26.51 g/kg) and 13.42 % higher NO3--N (2.45 g/kg) than control (23.28 and 2.16 g/kg, respectively) but 12.72 % lower C/N, indicating fast decomposition and less nutrient loss. Exogenous microorganisms from bioaugmentation significantly reshaped the microbial community structure and facilitated the enrichment of genera such as Truepera and Fermentimonas, whose abundance increased by 71.10 % and 75.37 % than the control, respectively. Remarkably, ARGs, including tetC, tetG, and tetW, were enhanced by 198.77 %, 846.77 %, and 62.63 % compared with the control, while the integron gene (intl1) was elevated by 700.26 %, indicating horizontal gene transfer of ARGs. Eventually, bioaugmentation was efficient in regulating microbial metabolism, relieving antibiotic stress, and eliminating antibiotics in composting. However, the ability to remove ARGs should be further investigated. Such an approach should be further considered for treating pollutants-influenced organic waste to eliminate environmental concerns.