A systematic review of indoor air quality in schools settings: Focus on microbiome and their relation to particulate matter and chemical pollutants.

OBJECTIVES

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools is a growing concern due to its impact on children's health. Continuous exposure to indoor air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO2), and microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, can affect school performance, increase absenteeism, and trigger respiratory problems. This systematic review aimed to analyze the potential correlation between the presence of microorganisms and PM and chemical pollutants in school indoor environments.

STUDY

DESIGN

A systematic literature review was conducted using the methodology PRISMA and 25 articles were selected.

METHODS

The current systematic review follow the steps: definition of research objectives; selection of the science databases; definition of keywords; establishment of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluation process and evaluation and management of selected studies.

RESULTS

The findings highlight the significant presence of airborne microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, often associated with PM and chemical pollutants such as CO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Positive correlations between CO2 and bacteria were observed in ten studies and were statistically significant in six of them. Both positive and negative correlations between fungi and CO2 were reported. Fungal genera such as Aspergillus spp. And Cladosporium spp. Were associated with particulate matter (PM). In general, the concentrations of bacteria and fungi were often correlated with PM levels, with larger particles (PM10) favoring the adhesion and transport of microorganisms, while smaller particles (PM2.5) remain suspended in the air for longer periods, increasing exposure.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the methodological variations among the various studies, the results reinforce the need to create effective interventions to reduce pollutant concentrations to minimize health risks for occupants.