Air Pyelogram for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Patients with Iodinated Contrast-induced Anaphylaxis.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the preferred treatment for large renal calculi. Fluoroscopic access conventionally requires iodinated contrast, which may precipitate anaphylaxis in sensitized individuals. We report two cases of contrast-induced anaphylaxis, in which air pyelography was successfully used to delineate the pelvicalyceal system and obtain safe renal access during PCNL.