Cardiac and systemic inflammation in cardiogenic shock.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The understanding of cardiogenic shock (CS) has significantly evolved over the past decades. Initially regarded as a purely mechanistic syndrome, CS is now recognized as a multifaceted condition that incorporates a complex interplay of hemodynamic compromise and a cascading inflammatory response. This review aims to describing cardiac and systemic inflammation involvement in cardiogenic shock.

RECENT FINDINGS: Defining subphenotypes among CS patients is mandatory as it is no longer considered as a homogeneous entity. Accordingly, including inflammatory biomarkers in a risk-stratification approach and identifying populations who will predictably respond to tailored therapies is a major concern.

SUMMARY: In this review, we propose a narrative review on cardiac and systemic inflammation occurring in CS, current research on inflammatory biomarkers and their implications in risk-stratification, and upcoming trials on therapies targeting inflammation.