Pyelonephritis caused by Mannheimia varigena in a Holstein calf.

A 7-day-old calf died following development of mild respiratory symptoms. Postmortem examination revealed the kidneys were inflamed, and Gram-negative bacteria was detected in the kidneys, supporting the diagnosis of suppurative pyelonephritis. Mannheimia varigena antigen was found in the lesions and the cytoplasm of macrophages and neutrophils in the renal cortex. The Gram-negative bacilli from the kidney were identified as M. varigena by sequencing the 16S rDNA. Although M. varigena is known to cause bovine respiratory disease syndrome, shipping fever, and meningitis, it was unknown that it could also cause suppurative pyelonephritis. Our study provides the first evidence of suppurative pyelonephritis caused by M. varigena in cattle and information that would improve our understanding, diagnosis, and treatment for M. varigena infections.