New Drug Targets and Preclinical Modelling Recommendations for Treating Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the primary underlying risk factor for heart failure. Despite decades of research and clinical trials, there are no drugs currently available to prevent organ damage from acute ischaemic injuries of the heart. In order to address the increasing global burden of heart failure, drug, gene, and cell-based regeneration technologies are advancing into clinical testing. In this review we highlight the burden of disease associated with AMI and the therapeutic landscape based on market analyses. New studies revealing the role of acid-sensitive cardiac ion channels and other proton-gated ion channels in cardiac ischaemia are providing renewed interest in pre- and post-conditioning agents with novel mechanisms of action that may also have implications for gene- and cell-based therapeutics. Furthermore, we present guidelines that couple new cell technologies and data resources with traditional animal modelling pipelines to help de-risk drug candidates aimed at treating AMI. We propose that improved preclinical pipelines and increased investment in drug target identification for AMI is critical to stem the increasing global health burden of heart failure.