Correlation of S100A8/A9 and AKT/NF-κB expression with severity and prognosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with severe pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the correlation between S100A8/A9, protein kinase B (AKT)/nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) expression and the severity/prognosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with severe pneumonia, and provide a reference for improving clinical prognosis.

METHODS

A total of 130 T2DM patients with severe pneumonia (study group) and 65 non-T2DM patients with severe pneumonia (control group) were enrolled. S100A8/A9 (protein) and AKT/NF-κB (mRNA) levels were compared. The study group was subdivided into mild (43 cases), moderate (55 cases), and severe (32 cases) subgroups based on APACHE II scores. Spearman correlation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and relative risk (RR) were used to analyze correlation with severity, prognostic value, and prognosis-related risk, respectively.

RESULTS

Molecular levels in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), increased with disease severity (mild < moderate < severe, P < 0.05) and were positively correlated with severity (all P < 0.05). Levels were lower in the good prognosis group than in the poor prognosis group (P < 0.05). The combined ROC AUC for prognosis was 0.919 (95 %CI: 0.859-0.960), exceeding that of individual markers (P < 0.05). High expression of each molecule was associated with a significantly increased risk of poor prognosis (RRs: 5.210, 3.771, 5.579, 4.105, respectively; all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

S100A8/A9 and AKT/NF-κB expression is closely related to the severity of T2DM complicated with severe pneumonia and holds prognostic value, with high expression indicating a higher risk of poor prognosis.