Thoracolumbar injuries: operative treatment: indications, techniques, timing and implant removal. Current practice.

The operative treatment of thoracolumbar fractures is a rapidly evolving improvement in the care of patients with this injury after trauma. This article describes the different techniques and principles. Considerations and methods of treatment are scientifically addressed and illustrated according to the classification and severity of the fracture pattern. The use of computer navigation and optimisation of minimally invasive techniques is inevitable. The timing of surgery as well the removal of the material after fracture healing are also discussed. The operative treatment of spinal fractures is emerging and there is still much more knowledge to gain.