Anterior choroidal artery arteriovenous malformation. Its clinical manifestations and surgical treatment.

Four cases of arteriovenous malformation of the anterior choroidal artery are reported. Three cases showed the typical triad of the anterior choroidal syndrome, but in one case there was a subarachnoid hemorrhage without other symptoms. There were no surgical deaths after removal of the arteriovenous malformation. We have emphasized in this report that these arteriovenous malformations should be dealt with as a distinct entity from other paraventricular arteriovenous malformations because of their operability and characteristic clinical manifestations.