An update on DES in the field of reproduction.

The general consensus is that a DES daughter is about 35% less likely than a non-DES-exposed woman of equivalent age and health to have a noneventful pregnancy. It is important to state that fertility rates refer to couples. The male partner is responsible for 40% to 50% of infertility problems. Age is also an important factor, and female fertility is known to decrease with age from the early 20s. These two factors receive little consideration in most articles. However, it can be said that if there are no marked congenital anomalies present in the cervix and the uterus, then the probability that a DES-exposed daughter will have a normal child is quite good.