Nefazodone: its place among antidepressants.

OBJECTIVE

To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, and drug interactions of nefazodone as well as to determine its place among currently available antidepressants.

DATA SOURCES: A search of European and American literature using EMBASE and MEDLINE was completed. Nefazodone was the search term.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Nefazodone is an antidepressant that blocks serotonin type 2 (5-HT2) receptors in addition to inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. In double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, nefazodone demonstrates antidepressant activity at dosages ranging from 400 to 600 mg/d. Sedation, dry mouth, nausea, and dizziness are the more common adverse effects of nefazodone. Nefazodone, an analog of trazodone, has not been associated with priapism at this time, and may have fewer sexual adverse effects than other antidepressants. More studies are needed to determine the potential role of nefazodone in treating anxiety, pain, and premenstrual syndrome.

STUDY SELECTION: Only double-blind, placebo-controlled studies designed to establish the efficacy of nefazodone as an antidepressant were reviewed.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on placebo-controlled, double-blind, comparative trials, nefazodone demonstrates greater efficacy than placebo, and equivalent efficacy to imipramine. Somnolence, dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, and constipation are the most common adverse effects. Nefazodone appears to have a milder adverse effect profile than the tricyclic antidepressants, causes fewer sexual dysfunctions than the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors, and may cause less dizziness than trazodone. Nefazodone at dosages of at least 300 mg/d provides another option for the treatment of depression.