Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2026
Systemic and topical use of herbal drugs vary by plant organ and chemosensory properties in De MateriaMedica.
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Leonti Marco, Casu Laura, Cabras Stefano
Аннотация
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Botanical drugs can be used for internal and external applications while some are only applied for either. Aspects such as effectiveness, toxicity organoleptic properties such as shape, texture, colour, taste and smell can theoretically affect exclusive modes of application.
AIM OF THE STUDY: Ethnomedicinal field studies often quantify plant organs mentioned for therapy and give stereotype explanations for their frequency of use without considering taxonomy, therapeutic applications or other factors. We tested for the effect of topical versus systemic applications as well as for the effect of drug shape on gustatory and olfactory perception.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used therapeutic recommendations of 675 herbal drugs reported in Dioscorides' De Materia Medica. Drugs were assessed by a chemosensory tasting panel in 3843 individual trials. Statistical analysis relies on Generalized Linear Models, like Log-linear and logistic models.
RESULTS: Drugs exclusively used topically had a higher share of leaves and herbs compared to those exclusively used systemically. Leaves and herbs were of significantly higher olfactory intensity and complexity but had lower gustatory intensity with respect to more three-dimensional plant drugs.
CONCLUSIONS: The higher share of leaves and herbs among drugs exclusively used topically could be influenced by structural and textural properties making them more convenient products for this sort of application but also by stronger olfactory signals relating these drugs to the outside world and the exterior part of the human body. Considering the often-uncritical reporting of plant use patterns in ethnomedical surveys we suggest additional context and nuanced analyses including taxonomy, therapeutic categories, mode of applications and chemosensory qualities when reporting the frequencies of plant parts used.
AIM OF THE STUDY: Ethnomedicinal field studies often quantify plant organs mentioned for therapy and give stereotype explanations for their frequency of use without considering taxonomy, therapeutic applications or other factors. We tested for the effect of topical versus systemic applications as well as for the effect of drug shape on gustatory and olfactory perception.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used therapeutic recommendations of 675 herbal drugs reported in Dioscorides' De Materia Medica. Drugs were assessed by a chemosensory tasting panel in 3843 individual trials. Statistical analysis relies on Generalized Linear Models, like Log-linear and logistic models.
RESULTS: Drugs exclusively used topically had a higher share of leaves and herbs compared to those exclusively used systemically. Leaves and herbs were of significantly higher olfactory intensity and complexity but had lower gustatory intensity with respect to more three-dimensional plant drugs.
CONCLUSIONS: The higher share of leaves and herbs among drugs exclusively used topically could be influenced by structural and textural properties making them more convenient products for this sort of application but also by stronger olfactory signals relating these drugs to the outside world and the exterior part of the human body. Considering the often-uncritical reporting of plant use patterns in ethnomedical surveys we suggest additional context and nuanced analyses including taxonomy, therapeutic categories, mode of applications and chemosensory qualities when reporting the frequencies of plant parts used.