[Etiology of hypertonic dehydration (author's transl)].

A revision of the ethiology in hypertonic dehydration of 80 infants admitted in the Clínica Infantil "La Paz", between 1972--1973 is made. The most important ethiological factors were: hyperconcentrated food (86% in neonates), vomiting, diarrhoea, increase of insensible water loss (respiratory, fever). The etiopathogenic and physiopathologic bases of hyperconcentrated diet in the development of hypertonic dehydration in accordance with "solute overload" to neonatal kidney are discussed. The autoperpetuation mechanisms of hypertonic dehydration are also discussed.