Monitoring technology and the clinical perspective.

Currently available technology requires a new look to reduce intervention as well as to improve the detection of the truly at-risk fetus. Iatrogenic causes of so-called fetal distress, in particular the administration of uterotonics without due attention to avoiding hyperstimulation, predominate as a reason for intervention. There needs to be a better definition of the starting point, i.e assessment of the fetal condition and identification of any risk factors, such as oligohydramnios and growth retardation, that might diminish fetal reserve. This will allow 'customization' of surveillance and management according to the needs of each individual fetus. There also needs to be better training and better agreement about the end-point of monitoring. For prospective surveillance, the aim is to avoid rather than to identify damage, and the definition of the appropriate point for intervention needs to come from better consensus on what is and what is not acceptable management based on current knowledge. New technology holds the promise that it can give trended information during labour, allow early recognition of problems and reduce unnecessary intervention. However, there is a need to ensure reliability and reproducibility of the readings before a new method is released. Co-operation with industry is essential, but the roles need to be well defined and the ultimate responsibility for establishing the role of a new technique has to come from the clinicians involved in intrapartum care.