Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026
The Role of CO2 for Gas Secretion in a Physoclist Swimbladder.
СтатьяОбзорНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Pelster Bernd
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: In physoclist fish, that is, in fish with a closed swimbladder, oxygen has been shown to be the main gas in the swimbladder. Gas gland cells, crucial for the filling of the swimbladder, produce and secrete lactic acid. The resulting acidification of the blood releases oxygen from the hemoglobin via the Root effect, generating high oxygen partial pressures required for the diffusion of oxygen into the swimbladder. CO2 in swimbladder gas was believed mainly to result from a wash out of HCO3 - from the plasma due to acidification, but this reaction would diminish blood acidification. This study therefore attempted to revisit our current information about CO2 production and also about CO2 and HCO3 - movements in swimbladder tissue to elucidate the role of CO2 for swimbladder function.
METHODS: Targeted literature search has been conducted to search for relevant publications.
RESULTS: The data reveal that European eel Anguilla anguilla gas gland cells produce most of the CO2 in the pentose phosphate shunt. CO2 diffuses into the swimbladder lumen and into the blood, facilitated by aquaporin 1. Membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase together with HCO3 - transporters allow for CO2 and HCO3 - cycling across the basolateral gas gland cell membrane, supporting proton secretion and blood acidification. Countercurrent concentration of CO2, HCO3 - and protons in the rete mirabile results in a significant acidification of arterial blood in the rete.
CONCLUSIONS: CO2 production together with CO2 and HCO3 - movements in swimbladder tissue significantly support blood acidification and the generation of high oxygen as well as CO2 partial pressures.
METHODS: Targeted literature search has been conducted to search for relevant publications.
RESULTS: The data reveal that European eel Anguilla anguilla gas gland cells produce most of the CO2 in the pentose phosphate shunt. CO2 diffuses into the swimbladder lumen and into the blood, facilitated by aquaporin 1. Membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase together with HCO3 - transporters allow for CO2 and HCO3 - cycling across the basolateral gas gland cell membrane, supporting proton secretion and blood acidification. Countercurrent concentration of CO2, HCO3 - and protons in the rete mirabile results in a significant acidification of arterial blood in the rete.
CONCLUSIONS: CO2 production together with CO2 and HCO3 - movements in swimbladder tissue significantly support blood acidification and the generation of high oxygen as well as CO2 partial pressures.