Baseline infection with a sexually transmitted disease is highly predictive of reinfection during follow-up in Malagasy sex workers.

Female sex workers who had prevalent chlamydial, gonococcal, or trichomonal infection at enrollment into a randomized trial in Madagascar were 2 to 4 times as likely to become infected during follow-up, compared to women without STIs at baseline, despite provision of condoms, safer sex counseling, and repeat STI testing and treatment.