Factors influencing acupuncture regimen completion by breast cancer patients: real-world data from an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center.

BACKGROUND

Acupuncture is a complementary medicine therapy increasingly used to manage cancer-related symptoms. Despite its demonstrated efficacy, adherence rates among patients with breast cancer remain suboptimal. This study aimed to identify factors associated with non-completion of acupuncture regimens within a single institutional integrative oncology program to identify modifiable barriers to service utilization.

METHODS

Patients with breast cancer who began acupuncture treatment at an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center between May 2022 and March 2025 were retrospectively included in this study. Regimen completion was defined as attending a minimum of eight sessions. Demographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcomes (PROMIS-29) were analyzed. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of regimen completion.

RESULTS

Of 563 patients, 268 (47.6%) completed the recommended acupuncture regimen. In multivariable analysis, non-White race (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.45-0.92, p = 0.016), advanced cancer stage (defined as stages 3-4; OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37-0.82, p = 0.003), smoking history (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41-0.95, p = 0.029), and moderate-to-severe anxiety (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45-1.00, p = 0.048) were independently associated with lower odds of regimen completion.

CONCLUSION

Racial disparities, clinical stage, baseline anxiety, and smoking history were significantly associated with lowered acupuncture adherence in patients with breast cancer. Tailored interventions including early identification of at-risk patients and integrated mental health support may be evaluated to improve adherence to integrative therapies.