Hemorrhagic-ischemic cerebral injury in the preterm infant: current concepts.

PV-IVH and adjacent white matter injury remains a significant problem in the premature infant. The potential mechanisms contributing to injury are complex and involve factors related to blood flow and its regulation, as well as cellular mediators including cytokines, free radical formation, and excitotoxin release. Although a reduction in the occurrence of severe IVH can be achieved with indomethacin, it does translate into long-term neurodevelopmental benefit. This reinforces the concept of a more diffuse injury to brain in sick premature infants than is apparent from the appearance of current neuroimaging techniques.