Maternal and fetal outcomes in an Italian multicentric cohort of women with multiple sclerosis exposed to dimethyl fumarate during pregnancy.
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Landi Doriana, Bartolomeo Silvia, Bovis Francesca, Amato Maria Pia, Bonavita Simona, Borriello Giovanna, Buccafusca Maria, Bucello Sebastiano, Cavalla Paola, Cellerino Maria, Centonze Diego, Cocco Eleonora, Conte Antonella, Cortese Antonio, D'Amico Emanuele, Di Filippo Massimiliano, Docimo Renato, Fantozzi Roberta, Ferraro Elisabetta, Filippi Massimo, Foschi Matteo, Gallo Antonio, Granella Franco, Ianniello Antonio, Lanzillo Roberta, Lorefice Lorena, Lucchini Matteo, Lus Giacomo, Mataluni Giorgia, Mirabella Massimiliano, Moiola Lucia, Napoli Francesca, Nicoletti Carolina Gabri, Patti Francesco, Ragonese Paolo, Realmuto Sabrina, Schirò Giuseppe, Signoriello Elisabetta, Sinisi Leonardo, Stromillo Maria Laura, Tomassini Valentina, Vecchio Domizia, Sormani Maria Pia, Marfia Girolama Alessandra
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To investigate disease activity and pregnancy outcomes in a retrospective cohort of women exposed to DMF in early pregnancy.
METHODS: Women discontinuing DMF after pregnancy confirmation were identified from 29 Italian MS Centers. Disease activity 12 months before conception, during pregnancy, and 12 months postpartum were recorded, exploring reactivation predictors. Pregnancy and fetal outcomes were assessed.
RESULTS: The study analyzed 137 pregnancies (12 pregnancy losses, 125 live births) from 137 women (mean age 32.9 ± 4.7 years), discontinuing DMF within a median (interquartile range (IQR)) interval of 4.9 (3.7-5.7) weeks from conception. In live birth pregnancies, annualized relapse rate (ARR) significantly decreased during pregnancy (ARR = 0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.14, p = 0.021) compared to pre-conception (ARR = 0.21 (95% CI: 0.14-0.30)) and increased postpartum ((ARR = 0.22 (95% CI: 0.15-0.32), p = 0.006). Median time to first relapse (TTFR) was 3.16 (IQR: 1:87-5.42) months. Higher pre-conception relapse number (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.08-5.02) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS; HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.17-2.74) were associated with shorter TTFR, while treatment resumption with longer TTFR (HR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11-0.74). Fetal outcomes were unaffected by DMF exposure.
CONCLUSION: DMF discontinuation does not increase relapse risk during pregnancy. Early therapy restart prevents postpartum relapses. Early DMF exposure shows no adverse fetal outcomes.