Paraplegia due to spinal cord compression by extramedullary erythropoietic tissue in a thalassaemia intermedia patient with gynecomastia secondary to cirrhosis: successful treatment with hydroxyurea.

We report a 24 years old patient with thalassaemia intermedia and gynecomastia, complicated by paraplegia and urinary/fecal incontinence due to spinal cord compression by an extramedullary erythropoiesis (EE) mass, treated with long-term hydroxyurea (HU). Neurological improvement occurred during the first 6 weeks of HU therapy (1,000 mg/day) and magnetic resonance imaging showed a reduction in EE mass. HU dosage was reduced to 500 mg/day after 5 months, and treatment was discontinued after 25 months. Five months later there was a partial recurrence of neurological symptoms, which responded to radiotherapy. HU may have a role in the symptomatic treatment of spinal cord compression due to EE, particularly when radiotherapy is unavailable.