[A Case of Advanced Bladder Carcinoma Treated by Third-Line Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel Chemotherapy].

A 77-year-old man underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection and ileal conduit for bladder carcinoma. Six months postoperatively, multiple lung metastases and a sacral bone metastasis were detected on computed tomography (CT). The patient then received gemcitabine-carboplatin (G-CBDCA) because he had renal dysfunction, which is a contraindication for cisplatin. After two courses of G-CBDCA, pembrolizumab was started because the lung metastases showed progression. The patient then underwent gemcitabine-paclitaxel (GP) chemotherapy (G : 1,000 mg/m² on days 1, 8, and 15 ; P : 180 mg/m² on day 1 ; every 4 weeks) as third-line treatment because of further progression after two courses of pembrolizumab. The lung metastases showed an almost complete response after two courses of GP. Additionally, after two courses, the lung metastases showed a complete response, and no abnormal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the sacral bone metastasis was seen on positron emission tomography-CT. The patient suffered neutropenia and anemia as adverse effects ; however, these disappeared after discontinuing gemcitabine. Chemotherapy was discontinued after the four courses in accordance with the patient's wishes, and he has remained free from recurrence for 2 months after discontinuing therapy.