Identification and Analysis of the GMC Oxidoreductase Family Genes in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Their Response to Spinetoram.

The glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase superfamily constitutes a crucial group of enzymes involved in diverse physiological processes in insects. However, a systematic investigation of this gene family in the rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis-a major migratory rice pest-remains lacking. This study identified 54 CmGMC genes in C. medinalis. Genomic analysis revealed its uneven chromosomal distribution, with a conserved 12-gene tandem cluster on chromosome 23. Phylogenetic analysis classified the CmGMC genes into distinct clades, clarifying their evolutionary relationships with GMC homologs in other species. Furthermore, spatiotemporal expression profiling revealed expression of 36 CmGMC genes across all developmental stages and tissues examined, indicating the high transcriptional activity of GMC oxidoreductase genes in C. medinalis. To investigate their role in insecticide response, we examined changes in CmGMC expression following spinetoram treatment. At 48 h post treatment, 20 and 8 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, indicating that specific GMC oxidoreductases may play crucial roles in the molecular response of C. medinalis to spinetoram. This study provides a foundation for understanding the biological functions of GMC oxidoreductases in C. medinalis and reveals their response to the insecticide spinetoram.