A role for surfactant protein D in innate immunity of the human prostate.

OBJECTIVES: Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a member of the collectin family of proteins, which are involved in host defense mechanisms in the lung. In the present study, we found that SP-D is produced in the human prostate where it may play a role in innate immunity.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Using reverse-transcriptase PCR and Western blot analysis, we demonstrate that SP-D mRNA and protein are present in human prostate tissue. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that SP-D mRNA and protein are localized in epithelial cells of prostate glands. Prostate glands that are surrounded by inflammatory cells produce increased amounts of SP-D protein. We also show that SP-D inhibits the infection of LNCaP and P69SV40T prostate epithelial cells by Chlamydia trachomatis in an in vitro infection assay. Furthermore, using truncated human SP-D mutants, we demonstrate that SP-D binds to Chlamydia trachomatis via its carboxy-terminal lectin domains.

CONCLUSIONS: Our in vitro studies suggest that SP-D protects the prostate from infection by pathogens. SP-D protein levels are increased at sites of inflammation in the prostate, suggesting SP-D may also contribute more generally to inflammatory regulation in the prostate.