Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025
Bright Lights, Silent Signals: Colour-Specific Attention-Arousal Decoupling in Autistic Children Revealed by Eye-Tracking and Pupillometry.
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Jiang Wenting, Liu Fangqing
Аннотация
PURPOSE: Atypical visual exploration is widely reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet little is known about how chromatic properties modulate oculomotor behaviour. This study aims to address this problem.
METHODS: We recorded eye movements from 34 children with ASD (6-16 y) and 40 age-matched typically developing (TD) peers while they viewed six picture sets that independently manipulated hue, luminance and saturation. Nine eye-movement metrics were extracted per task and analysed with mixed-effects ANOVAs; false-discovery-rate control (q = .05) and Holm-Bonferroni corrections were applied across 54 planned tests.
RESULTS: Across all tasks, the ASD group showed a 29% reduction in total fixation time (F = 11.13, q < .001; pHolm < .001†), a 19% reduction in fixation count (F = 5.88, q = .027), and 42% fewer saccades (F = 16.06, q < .001; pHolm < .001†). Individual fixations were shorter (F = 8.40, q < .001; pHolm < .001†). These differences generalised across all areas of interest. Stimulus-specific analyses revealed that highly saturated images amplified group differences in fixation metrics, whereas hue and luminance manipulations produced parallel but smaller effects.
CONCLUSIONS: Children with ASD allocate less dwell time and execute fewer, briefer fixations and saccades, especially when stimuli are highly saturated. Because effects persisted after stringent multiple-comparison correction and were independent of pupil size, they likely reflect how brightness changes guide eye movements and moment-to-moment arousal.
METHODS: We recorded eye movements from 34 children with ASD (6-16 y) and 40 age-matched typically developing (TD) peers while they viewed six picture sets that independently manipulated hue, luminance and saturation. Nine eye-movement metrics were extracted per task and analysed with mixed-effects ANOVAs; false-discovery-rate control (q = .05) and Holm-Bonferroni corrections were applied across 54 planned tests.
RESULTS: Across all tasks, the ASD group showed a 29% reduction in total fixation time (F = 11.13, q < .001; pHolm < .001†), a 19% reduction in fixation count (F = 5.88, q = .027), and 42% fewer saccades (F = 16.06, q < .001; pHolm < .001†). Individual fixations were shorter (F = 8.40, q < .001; pHolm < .001†). These differences generalised across all areas of interest. Stimulus-specific analyses revealed that highly saturated images amplified group differences in fixation metrics, whereas hue and luminance manipulations produced parallel but smaller effects.
CONCLUSIONS: Children with ASD allocate less dwell time and execute fewer, briefer fixations and saccades, especially when stimuli are highly saturated. Because effects persisted after stringent multiple-comparison correction and were independent of pupil size, they likely reflect how brightness changes guide eye movements and moment-to-moment arousal.