Long-term follow-up of the DeKAF cross-sectional cohort study.

The DeKAF study was developed to better understand the causes of late allograft loss. Preliminary findings from the DeKAF cross-sectional cohort (with follow-up < 20 months) have been published. Herein, we present long-term outcomes in those recipients (mean follow-up ± SD, 6.6 ± 0.7 years). Eligibility included being transplanted prior to October 1, 2005; serum creatinine ≤ 2.0 mg/dL on January 1, 2006; and subsequently developing new-onset graft dysfunction leading to a biopsy. Mean time from transplant to biopsy was 7.5 ± 6.1 years. Histologic findings and DSA were studied in relation to postbiopsy outcomes. Long-term follow-up confirms and expands the preliminary results of each of 3 studies: (1) increasing inflammation in area of atrophy (irrespective of inflammation in nonscarred areas [Banff i]) was associated with increasingly worse postbiopsy death-censored graft survival; (2) hierarchical analysis based on Banff scores defined clusters (entities) that differed in long-term death-censored graft survival; and (3) C4d-/DSA- recipients had significantly better (and C4d+/DSA+ worse) death-censored graft survival than other groups. C4d+/DSA- and C4d-/DSA+ had similar intermediate death-censored graft survival. Clinical and histologic findings at the time of new-onset graft dysfunction define high- vs low-risk groups for long-term death-censored graft survival, even years posttransplant. These findings can help differentiate groups for potential intervention studies.