Eco-innovation in aquaculture: A minireview on the prospect of supercritical CO2 extraction for disease management.

Aquaculture disease management, historically reliant on antibiotics and synthetic chemicals, requires sustainable and effective alternatives for microbial control. One of the strategies is by utilizing bioactive compound from natural product. However, the current method of extraction requires a huge amount of solvent and cause detrimental to the end product. Thus, this lead to extraction strategy using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). This minireview explores the application of SC-CO2 extraction as a green technology for disease management in aquaculture. SC-CO2 operates as a clean, selective solvent, efficiently isolating high-purity bioactive compounds from plant, algal, and fishery by-products without toxic solvent residues. Unlike conventional extraction methods, SC-CO2 preserves thermolabile antimicrobial compounds, yielding extracts with enhanced bioactivity against aquatic pathogens. By providing effective, natural alternatives to antibiotics, SC-CO2 technology directly contributes to disease control in aquaculture. The integration of SC-CO2-derived natural products represents a transformative strategy for sustainable microbial control while aligning with the principles of environmental safety and food security.