Fertility and sterility · 1996
Cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine, is detectable in follicular fluids of passive smokers in in vitro fertilization therapy.
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Zenzes M T, Reed T E, Wang P, Klein J
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To assess cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, in follicular fluids (FF) of women who smoke either actively or passively or not all.
DESIGN: Controlled clinical study.
SETTING: Infertile patients in a hospital IVF-ET program.
PATIENTS: One hundred eleven women classified by smoking habits: active smokers (n = 44), passive smokers (n = 17), or nonsmokers (n = 50).
INTERVENTIONS: Ovarian hyperstimulation.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Cotinine levels in FF.
RESULTS: A strong correlation between number of cigarettes smoked and levels of FF cotinine was found. The levels of FF cotinine were: active smokers 710.4 +/- 128.2, passive smokers 76.3 +/- 56.5, and nonsmokers 4.2 +/- 2.0 ng/mL (mean +/- SEM). The level in active smokers was significantly greater than in other groups. The levels of FF cotinine in passive smokers differed significantly from nonsmokers. Eighty-four percent of nonsmokers actually were exposed to nicotine, with a mean value of 5.0 ng/mL.
CONCLUSIONS: Cotinine was detectable in a dose-dependent manner in active and passive smokers. It was detected in all active smokers and in a majority of passive smokers and self-reported nonsmokers. A strong interindividual variation suggests differences in metabolism and smoking habits. Follicular fluid cotinine assessments are useful for infertility studies.
DESIGN: Controlled clinical study.
SETTING: Infertile patients in a hospital IVF-ET program.
PATIENTS: One hundred eleven women classified by smoking habits: active smokers (n = 44), passive smokers (n = 17), or nonsmokers (n = 50).
INTERVENTIONS: Ovarian hyperstimulation.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Cotinine levels in FF.
RESULTS: A strong correlation between number of cigarettes smoked and levels of FF cotinine was found. The levels of FF cotinine were: active smokers 710.4 +/- 128.2, passive smokers 76.3 +/- 56.5, and nonsmokers 4.2 +/- 2.0 ng/mL (mean +/- SEM). The level in active smokers was significantly greater than in other groups. The levels of FF cotinine in passive smokers differed significantly from nonsmokers. Eighty-four percent of nonsmokers actually were exposed to nicotine, with a mean value of 5.0 ng/mL.
CONCLUSIONS: Cotinine was detectable in a dose-dependent manner in active and passive smokers. It was detected in all active smokers and in a majority of passive smokers and self-reported nonsmokers. A strong interindividual variation suggests differences in metabolism and smoking habits. Follicular fluid cotinine assessments are useful for infertility studies.