Closing the gaps in obesity: The need for a strategic, system-wide approach to obesity care in Malaysia.

INTRODUCTION

The global obesity epidemic threatens health systems worldwide and is associated with severe health complications such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancers, imposing substantial economic burdens. Globally, over 1.9 billion adults are classified as overweight, with 650 million identified as obese.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

A review was conducted using academic databases and authoritative reports from organizations such as the WHO and the Institute for Public Health. Studies published between 2002 and 2024 were selected based on methodological rigor and relevance to obesity in Malaysia.

RESULTS

Malaysia has the highest obesity rate in Southeast Asia and has classified obesity as a chronic disease. Currently, 21.8% of Malaysian adults are affected by obesity - a fivefold increase from 4.4% in 1996 - with projections reaching 41% by 2040. Obesity-related healthcare costs consume 10-20% of Malaysia's national budget. Malaysia joined the Obesity Policy Engagement Network (OPEN) and implemented a model-of-care survey to gather healthcare professional insights and identify critical obesity management gaps. This initiative aimed to provide evidencebased recommendations to enhance patient outcomes and alleviate economic strain on the healthcare system. The Malaysian OPEN survey indicated that only one-third view obesity as a disease, resulting in underinvestment in necessary infrastructure and treatment options such as pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery. These prevailing misconceptions among healthcare professionals and decision-makers hinder progress. A collaborative, multidisciplinary strategy supported by robust policies and evidence-based research is thus vital in managing obesity as a chronic disease.

CONCLUSION

Addressing obesity in Malaysia requires a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach that integrates lifestyle, behavioural, medical, and surgical strategies. Policy reform, stakeholder engagement, and evidencebased planning are essential to improve patient outcomes, reduce economic burdens, and ensure equitable access to care. A unified national effort is vital for sustainable and effective obesity management.