The mechanism by which Enteromorpha Linza polysaccharide promotes Bacillus subtilis growth and nitrate removal.

In this study, we discussed the relationship between Entermorpha linza polysaccharide (EP) and Bacillus subtilis, which can transform nitrate. A sole carbon source experiment showed that Bacillus subtilis could utilize EP, and the bacterial density was maximally increased by 54.43% in the EP groups. The results of reducing sugar determination proved the secretion of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the EP groups had fewer spores and shrunken bacteria, indicating that EP could improve the growth environment and maintain bacterial integrity. Additionally, the ratios of periplasmic nitrate reductase (NAP), nitrite reductase (NIR), and dissimilatory nitrate reductase (D-NRase) in the EP groups were maximally increased by 107.22%, 84.70% and 36.10%, respectively. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed the above mentioned results. For example, the high expression of quorum sensing genes indicated that EP groups had higher bacterial density. Moreover, the high expression of antioxidant genes in the EP groups may be related to morphological integrity. Our study provides a basis for further discussion of the mechanism.