Artemisia argyi Extracts Modulate Prolactin and Prostaglandin Pathways in Estrogen-Stimulated GH3 Cells and a Hyperprolactinemia Mouse Model.

Artemisia argyi (Pyeong-an-ae) has long been used in traditional medicine for gynecological conditions; however, its efficacy in treating premenstrual syndrome (PMS) remains underexplored. This study investigated the effects of A. argyi extracts on prolactin secretion, prostaglandin regulation, and inflammatory responses associated with PMS. Extracts were prepared using water and ethanol at various temperatures and screened in estradiol-stimulated GH3 cells. Notably, a 95°C water extract and 50°C 50% ethanol extract significantly suppressed prolactin secretion and modulated PGE1 and PGE2 levels without exhibiting cytotoxicity. These two extracts were further evaluated in a mouse model of metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia. The water extract significantly reduced prolactin levels; restored estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone concentrations; and improved uterine and inflammatory markers, comparable to the effects of bromocriptine treatment. Additionally, A. argyi extracts altered prostaglandin balance and decreased interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression in uterine tissue. These findings suggest that A. argyi, particularly its water extract, may provide a promising natural therapeutic option for managing PMS symptoms through endocrine and inflammatory regulation.