Modernizing the treatment of venous thoracic outlet syndrome.

This study aims to quantify the management and outcomes of patients treated for venous thoracic outlet syndrome (vTOS) over a seven-year period. A retrospective case-note review of all patients undergoing first rib resection at a regional vascular unit between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2009 was performed. Treatment pathways and outcomes recorded as freedom from symptoms and venous patency were analyzed. Thirty-five patients were identified with vTOS. Ninety-one percent of patients had patent veins at discharge from clinical follow-up and were symptom-free at a median of 44 months. Patients treated within seven days of symptoms (94.7 versus 85.7, P = 0.060), with catheter-directed thrombolysis (94 versus 87.5% P = 0.702) and excision of first rib in less than 30 days (100 versus 85.7%, P = 0.002), had improved symptom-free rates. In conclusion, early referral, immediate catheter-directed thrombolysis, perioperative balloon venoplasty and early thoracic outlet decompression may provide a suitable model for improving outcomes in vTOS.