Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026
Adsorption of colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, ibuprofen, and strychnine to activated charcoal.
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Wood Hunter B, Dosch Joseph T, Trickett Stella M, Cao Dazhe J, Sydlik Stefanie A
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Activated charcoal is commonly used in the management of xenobiotics to reduce systemic absorption, but data supporting its efficacy for certain xenobiotics remain limited. Quantitative data describing adsorption of colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, ibuprofen, and strychnine help inform emergency treatment options for the management of a xenobiotic ingestion.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adsorption of colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, ibuprofen, and strychnine to activated charcoal by quantifying adsorption kinetics and fitting isotherm data to characterize binding behavior and xenobiotic-specific effective doses.
METHODS: Kinetics and adsorption isotherm experiments were performed in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8). The Langmuir isotherm model was used to estimate maximum adsorption capacity and binding affinity. The Freundlich isotherm model was used to derive relative adsorption capacity and adsorption favorability. Optimal charcoal-to-xenobiotic ratios for ≥95% adsorption were determined for each xenobiotic in both media.
RESULTS: Xenobiotics adsorbed efficiently to activated charcoal, with higher adsorption generally observed in simulated intestinal fluid. Freundlich modeling provided better fits across xenobiotics. Colchicine adsorbed efficiently, with an 8:1 ratio of activated charcoal-to-xenobiotic required to achieve ≥95% xenobiotic adsorption across both media. Hydroxychloroquine required a higher ratio to achieve ≥95% adsorption in simulated gastric fluid (10:1) versus simulated intestinal fluid (7:1). Strychnine also required a higher activated charcoal-to-xenobiotic ratio in simulated gastric fluid (11:1) than simulated intestinal fluid (8:1) to achieve ≥95% adsorption. Ibuprofen required an 11:1 ratio to achieve ≥95% adsorption in simulated intestinal fluid.
DISCUSSION: A standard 50 g dose of activated charcoal may effectively adsorb toxic doses of colchicine and strychnine. However, large overdoses of hydroxychloroquine and ibuprofen may need additional doses of activated charcoal.
CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the targeted use of activated charcoal in colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, ibuprofen, and strychnine ingestions. Isotherm modeling reveals xenobiotic-specific differences in adsorption efficiency that may inform clinical decisions regarding dose, timing, and the potential use of additional charcoal administration.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adsorption of colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, ibuprofen, and strychnine to activated charcoal by quantifying adsorption kinetics and fitting isotherm data to characterize binding behavior and xenobiotic-specific effective doses.
METHODS: Kinetics and adsorption isotherm experiments were performed in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8). The Langmuir isotherm model was used to estimate maximum adsorption capacity and binding affinity. The Freundlich isotherm model was used to derive relative adsorption capacity and adsorption favorability. Optimal charcoal-to-xenobiotic ratios for ≥95% adsorption were determined for each xenobiotic in both media.
RESULTS: Xenobiotics adsorbed efficiently to activated charcoal, with higher adsorption generally observed in simulated intestinal fluid. Freundlich modeling provided better fits across xenobiotics. Colchicine adsorbed efficiently, with an 8:1 ratio of activated charcoal-to-xenobiotic required to achieve ≥95% xenobiotic adsorption across both media. Hydroxychloroquine required a higher ratio to achieve ≥95% adsorption in simulated gastric fluid (10:1) versus simulated intestinal fluid (7:1). Strychnine also required a higher activated charcoal-to-xenobiotic ratio in simulated gastric fluid (11:1) than simulated intestinal fluid (8:1) to achieve ≥95% adsorption. Ibuprofen required an 11:1 ratio to achieve ≥95% adsorption in simulated intestinal fluid.
DISCUSSION: A standard 50 g dose of activated charcoal may effectively adsorb toxic doses of colchicine and strychnine. However, large overdoses of hydroxychloroquine and ibuprofen may need additional doses of activated charcoal.
CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the targeted use of activated charcoal in colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, ibuprofen, and strychnine ingestions. Isotherm modeling reveals xenobiotic-specific differences in adsorption efficiency that may inform clinical decisions regarding dose, timing, and the potential use of additional charcoal administration.