Current pharmaceutical design · 2026
Investigation of the Multi-target Regulation of Neurotransmitter Dysfunction By Xiaoer Huanglong Granule in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Network Pharmacology Combined with Experimental Validation.
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Liu Jing, You Longtai, Peng Hulinyue, Chang Aqian, Qu Changhai, Yin XingBin, Guo Peng, Dong Xiaoxv, Ni Jian
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: The increasing global prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its substantial societal burden have intensified research efforts to elucidate its pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions. Xiaoer Huanglong Granule (XHG), a well-established traditional Chinese herbal formulation, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in ADHD management and has been approved by the China National Medical Products Administration and successfully launched on the market. However, its pharmacological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aims to systematically evaluate the therapeutic potential of the herbal formulation XHG in ADHD using an integrated approach that combines network pharmacology, behavioral assays, and molecular analyses.
METHODS: We employed network pharmacology-based screening to identify bioactive compounds and target proteins associated with ADHD. Molecular docking simulations were conducted to assess binding affinities. Behavioral effects were evaluated using open-field and elevated plus maze tests, and protein expression levels were analyzed via Western blot.
RESULTS: Network analysis identified six key bioactive compounds (methyl-L-phenylalanine, 1,4-β-Dmannotriose, aurantiamide acetate, N-cis-feruloyltyramine, timosaponin A-III, and apigenin) and five critical targets (TH, ADORA2A, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, COMT). Molecular docking confirmed strong binding interactions. Behavioral tests showed that XHG significantly reduced hyperlocomotion and impulsivity-like behaviors. Western blot analyses further revealed regulatory effects on key neurotransmitter-related proteins.
DISCUSSION: This integrated study elucidates the multi-target neuroprotective mechanisms of XHG in ADHD and provides a modern scientific foundation for the application of traditional herbal medicine in treating neuropsychiatric disorders.
CONCLUSION: This study provides the first comprehensive evidence supporting the neuroprotective properties of XHG in ADHD through multi-target mechanisms, offering a scientific basis for its clinical application as a potential therapeutic agent.
METHODS: We employed network pharmacology-based screening to identify bioactive compounds and target proteins associated with ADHD. Molecular docking simulations were conducted to assess binding affinities. Behavioral effects were evaluated using open-field and elevated plus maze tests, and protein expression levels were analyzed via Western blot.
RESULTS: Network analysis identified six key bioactive compounds (methyl-L-phenylalanine, 1,4-β-Dmannotriose, aurantiamide acetate, N-cis-feruloyltyramine, timosaponin A-III, and apigenin) and five critical targets (TH, ADORA2A, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, COMT). Molecular docking confirmed strong binding interactions. Behavioral tests showed that XHG significantly reduced hyperlocomotion and impulsivity-like behaviors. Western blot analyses further revealed regulatory effects on key neurotransmitter-related proteins.
DISCUSSION: This integrated study elucidates the multi-target neuroprotective mechanisms of XHG in ADHD and provides a modern scientific foundation for the application of traditional herbal medicine in treating neuropsychiatric disorders.
CONCLUSION: This study provides the first comprehensive evidence supporting the neuroprotective properties of XHG in ADHD through multi-target mechanisms, offering a scientific basis for its clinical application as a potential therapeutic agent.