Electricity and ultrasound dual-enhanced extraction of hydroxyapatite and collagen from waste bones using deep eutectic solvent and their application for preparing food preservation film.

With the growing demand for meat consumption, the production of waste bones has increased significantly. In this study, two acidic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were employed as the extraction medium in the electricity and ultrasound dual-enhanced extraction of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and collagen (COL) from bones for the first time. Notably, new extraction mode demonstrated satisfied performance. Following comprehensive characterizations of the products under optimal conditions, the obtained COL and HAP were combined with purple corn extract and DES to prepare food preservation film exhibiting antibacterial, antioxidant, and biodegradable properties. When applied to Cordyceps militaris as a represent sample, the film not only enabled real-time freshness monitoring but also effectively minimized bioactive component loss. This study presents a novel strategy for the high-value utilization of waste resources from meat industry, and the developed smart film holds promising potential for food preservation applications.