The ethical dimensions of policy for prenatal diagnostic technologies: the case of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening.

New technologies have dramatically increased the number of fetal abnormalities that can be detected and, in some cases, effectively treated during the prenatal period. Considering the potential health benefits to children and parents from early detection of fetal abnormalities, various forms of mandatory prenatal screening programs have been suggested. In order to explicate the ethical dimensions of mandatory screening in general and to demonstrate the role of nurses in prenatal screening programs, maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening is analyzed. The benefits, risks, and potential consequences from the broad use of this technology are discussed in conjunction with the rights of fetuses and pregnant women. An active role in the formation of health policy that might regulate new technologies affecting maternal-fetal-newborn health is suggested as a fundamental responsibility of the nursing profession.