Transrectal prostatic ultrasonography in acute bacterial prostatitis: findings and clinical implications.

To evaluate the role of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in the diagnosis of acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) and to analyse the possible relationship between sonographic findings and clinical presentation and evolution, a prospective study using TRUS in patients with ABP was conducted. 45 patients (aged 58.2 +/- 14.6 y; mean +/- SD) with a clinical diagnosis of ABP admitted to a university hospital were studied prospectively. Clinical, analytical and microbiological data were recorded. TRUS was performed on admission and after 1 month of antibiotic therapy. Findings were correlated with clinical and evolutive data. The mean prostatic volume on admission was 40.5 +/- 17.9 ml. 21 patients (46.6%) had sonographically demonstrable lesions in peripheral prostatic lobules. One month later, when treatment had ended, lesions had disappeared or improved in 61.1% of patients, and the mean prostatic volume was 24.3 +/- 10.5 ml (p < 0.0005). Clinical, analytical and microbiological data and evolution of ABP were not significantly different in patients with or without sonographically demonstrable lesions. TRUS does not need to be performed in every patient with suspicion of ABP; the only indication for TRUS in ABP is the exclusion of prostatic abscess.