The function of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) and its role in diseases.

Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is a pivotal metabolic enzyme during the process of glycolysis, catalyzing the interconversion between 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate. PGAM1 is mainly involved in cellular energy metabolism and biosynthesis, it is generally upregulated in numerous human cancers and promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance. It serves as a significant biomarker for tumor diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target. In this paper, the basic structure and functions of PGAM1 and its family members, metabolic, non-metabolic activity and the regulatory mechanisms of PGAM1 and its correlation with diseases, as well as the latest progress of PGAM1 inhibitors in tumor diagnosis and treatment are introduced, aiming to provide new ideas for the targeted therapy of related diseases.