The expression of aristaless-related homeobox in neural progenitors of gyrencephalic carnivore ferrets.

Aristaless-related homeobox (ARX) has important functions in the development of various organs including the brain. Mutations of the human ARX gene have been associated with malformations of the cerebral cortex such as microcephaly and lissencephaly. Although the expression patterns of ARX in the lissencephalic cerebral cortex of mice have been intensively investigated, those in expanded gyrencephalic brains remained unclear. Here, we show the expression patterns of ARX in the developing cerebral cortex of gyrencephalic carnivore ferrets. We found that ARX was expressed not only in intermediate progenitor (IP) cells but also in outer radial glial (oRG) cells, which are neural progenitors preferentially observed in the gyrencephalic cerebral cortex. We found that the majority of ARX-positive oRG cells expressed the proliferating cell marker Ki-67. These results may indicate that ARX in oRG cells mediates the expansion of the gyrencephalic cerebral cortex during development and evolution.