International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2026
Household Income and Sexual Activity Patterns Among Japanese Men: A Latent Class Analysis of a Nationwide Survey.
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Yoshimura Rie, Shimizu Nobutaka, Yamasaki Keiko, Kurano Yoshitaka, Shimamoto Tsutomu, Fukata Satoshi, Kikuchi Eiji, Kimura Kazunori, Sato Yoshikazu, Chiba Koji, Tomoe Hikaru, Nagai Atsushi, Nagao Koichi, Fukuhara Shinichiro, Yoshizawa Tsuyoshi, Maeda Eri, Shirai Masato, Tsujimura Akira, Sasaki Haruaki, Inoue Keiji, Saito Motoaki
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To identify latent classes of sexual activity among Japanese adult men using multiple sexual behavior indicators and to investigate their associations with household income.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from a 2023 nationwide Internet-based survey of 5 735 Japanese men aged 20-79 years. Latent class analysis used six indicators: Sexual intercourse frequency, masturbation frequency, morning erection frequency, and International Index of Erectile Function items 6, 11, and 12. Household income data were available for 4 824 men, who were categorized into low (<¥4 million/year), middle (¥4 to <¥8 million/year), or high (≥¥8 million/year) income groups.
RESULTS: Four latent classes were identified: Low desire/inactive (Class 1, 37.3%), high desire/non-coital (Class 2, 25.8%), moderate desire/sexually active (Class 3, 14.7%), and high desire/high-function active (Class 4, 22.1%). Higher household income was independently associated with Classes 3 and 4, with dose-response relationships, but not with Class 2. The overall income-by-marital-status interaction was significant (p = 0.0004), whereas the class-specific interaction was significant only for Class 3 (p = 0.021) and not for Class 4 (p = 0.255). These post hoc interaction findings were considered exploratory. Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results.
CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one-quarter of Japanese men belonged to a class characterized by moderate-to-high sexual desire and relatively frequent morning erections despite predominantly little or no intercourse. Household income was associated with intercourse-involving classes but not with Class 2. These findings support a multidimensional assessment of sexual health and warrant further research on socioeconomic factors associated with partnered sexual activity.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from a 2023 nationwide Internet-based survey of 5 735 Japanese men aged 20-79 years. Latent class analysis used six indicators: Sexual intercourse frequency, masturbation frequency, morning erection frequency, and International Index of Erectile Function items 6, 11, and 12. Household income data were available for 4 824 men, who were categorized into low (<¥4 million/year), middle (¥4 to <¥8 million/year), or high (≥¥8 million/year) income groups.
RESULTS: Four latent classes were identified: Low desire/inactive (Class 1, 37.3%), high desire/non-coital (Class 2, 25.8%), moderate desire/sexually active (Class 3, 14.7%), and high desire/high-function active (Class 4, 22.1%). Higher household income was independently associated with Classes 3 and 4, with dose-response relationships, but not with Class 2. The overall income-by-marital-status interaction was significant (p = 0.0004), whereas the class-specific interaction was significant only for Class 3 (p = 0.021) and not for Class 4 (p = 0.255). These post hoc interaction findings were considered exploratory. Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results.
CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one-quarter of Japanese men belonged to a class characterized by moderate-to-high sexual desire and relatively frequent morning erections despite predominantly little or no intercourse. Household income was associated with intercourse-involving classes but not with Class 2. These findings support a multidimensional assessment of sexual health and warrant further research on socioeconomic factors associated with partnered sexual activity.