Health science reports · 2026
Association Between Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) and Trauma Severity: Correlations With Shock Index and ABC Score in Trauma Patients-A Prospective Observational Study.
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de Oliveira Rodrigo Gonçalves, Shio Marina Tiemi, Bacchi André Luis Lacerda, Ribeiro Ana Paula, Sabbion Rodrigo Olivio, Colombo-Souza Patrícia
Аннотация
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Trauma is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, with outcomes influenced by inflammatory responses. This study evaluated the association between trauma severity scores-Shock Index (SI) and Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC) score-and systemic cytokine levels (IL-6 and IL-10) to assess their potential role in predicting clinical outcomes in trauma patients.
METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted with 20 adult trauma patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil (August 2022-December 2022). Blood samples were collected at admission (T0) and 48 h later (T1). Serum IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. Severity was classified using SI (heart rate/systolic blood pressure; > 1 indicates hypovolemic shock) and ABC score ( ≥ 2 parameters suggest high transfusion risk). Statistical analysis used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (paired comparisons), Mann-Whitney for variation, and Spearman's correlation with 95% bootstrap confidence intervals (two-tailed α = 0.05).
RESULTS: Patients were predominantly male (18/20, 90%) with blunt trauma (12/20, 60%). IL-10 levels decreased significantly from T0 to T1 (median [IQR]: 7.7 [-1.5 to 20.2] pg/mL vs. -1.4 [-5.4 to 5.9] pg/mL; median difference = -7.2 pg/mL, 95% CI -16.1 to -1.2; p = 0.013). IL-6 remained stable (p = 0.65), resulting in an increased IL-6/IL-10 ratio (p = 0.012). IL-6 at T0 correlated positively with ABC score (Spearman's ρ = 0.50, 95% CI 0.08-0.77, p = 0.03). IL-10 at T0 correlated positively with Shock Index (ρ = 0.47, 95% CI 0.04-0.75, p = 0.04).
CONCLUSION: Trauma severity scores (ABC and SI) were associated with dynamic cytokine changes, particularly declining IL-10, suggesting a shift toward a pro-inflammatory state 48 h post-injury. These findings support the potential integration of cytokine profiling with clinical scores to improve trauma risk stratification and guide early intervention.
METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted with 20 adult trauma patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil (August 2022-December 2022). Blood samples were collected at admission (T0) and 48 h later (T1). Serum IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. Severity was classified using SI (heart rate/systolic blood pressure; > 1 indicates hypovolemic shock) and ABC score ( ≥ 2 parameters suggest high transfusion risk). Statistical analysis used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (paired comparisons), Mann-Whitney for variation, and Spearman's correlation with 95% bootstrap confidence intervals (two-tailed α = 0.05).
RESULTS: Patients were predominantly male (18/20, 90%) with blunt trauma (12/20, 60%). IL-10 levels decreased significantly from T0 to T1 (median [IQR]: 7.7 [-1.5 to 20.2] pg/mL vs. -1.4 [-5.4 to 5.9] pg/mL; median difference = -7.2 pg/mL, 95% CI -16.1 to -1.2; p = 0.013). IL-6 remained stable (p = 0.65), resulting in an increased IL-6/IL-10 ratio (p = 0.012). IL-6 at T0 correlated positively with ABC score (Spearman's ρ = 0.50, 95% CI 0.08-0.77, p = 0.03). IL-10 at T0 correlated positively with Shock Index (ρ = 0.47, 95% CI 0.04-0.75, p = 0.04).
CONCLUSION: Trauma severity scores (ABC and SI) were associated with dynamic cytokine changes, particularly declining IL-10, suggesting a shift toward a pro-inflammatory state 48 h post-injury. These findings support the potential integration of cytokine profiling with clinical scores to improve trauma risk stratification and guide early intervention.